Management 300 Study Guid free essay sample

Creative administration for fierce occasions Daft Chap 5 Managing morals and social duty Daft Chap 9 Managerial dynamic Daft Chap 19 Managing quality and execution OM Chap 7 Process determination, plan and investigation OM Chap 12 Managing Inventories OM Chap 18 Project the board II Cautions Final test incorporates 50 different decision questions, covering the two ideas and computations. †¢ 1-2 reward question will be given in the organization of critical thinking. †¢ This examination direct pinpoints the significant substance of the end of the year test. It's anything but a thorough rundown of issues on the test. †¢ Please bring a duplicate of â€Å"Standard Normal Distribution Table† (posted online in a similar envelope) †¢ Please bring your own scantron Form F-289-PAR-L (Note: equivalent to that of Exam II) †¢ Don’t neglect to carry your mini-computer to the test. The utilization of lectronic gadgets will be carefully disallowed III Key ideas and models Daft Chapter 1 Innovative Management for Turbulent Times †¢ The four administration capacities arranging, sorting out, driving, controlling †¢ Planning-distinguishing objectives for future hierarchical execution and settling on the undertakings and utilization of assets to achieve them , sorting out allotting obligation regarding task achievement driving utilizing impact to rouse representatives and controlling-observing exercises and making adjustments Effectiveness how much the association accomplishes an expressed objective productivity the measure of assets used to deliver an ideal degree of yield †¢ Conceptual aptitudes subjective capacity to consider the to be all in all and the relationship among its parts , human abilities supervisors capacity to work with and through with others and work adequately as a component of a gathering specialized abilities †comprehension a nd capability in the exhibition of a particular errand . We will compose a custom paper test on The board 300 Study Guid or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The executives levels in the authoritative progressive system Top administrators gt; moddle chiefs - gt; first line supervisors Functional managers= answerable for a division that plays out a practical assignment (actg/balance) versus general managers= liable for a few offices that perform various capacities, for example, the director at macys/passage processing plant †¢ Manager jobs: ( ROLE def: set of desires for ones conduct informational=activities used to keep up and build up a data arrange, checking , dissiminating, representative to convey data interpersonal= going about as a nonentity, pioneer, and liason ecisional= business visionary , aggravation handler, asset allocator, and moderator †¢ 10 chief jobs = screen, disseminator and spokesperons ( enlightening job nonentity, pioneer, and lisaion ( relational business person, unsettling influence handler, asset allocator, and mediator ( decisional Daft Chapter 5 Ethics and Social Responsibility. Area of arranged law,= legitimate standard space of ethics= social norm, area of free choice= individual standard Utilitarian approach= moral dynamic says that moral decision is one that delivers the best useful for the best number †¢ Individualism approach= activities are moral when they advance the individuals’ best long haul interests, in light of the fact that with everybody seeking after personal circumstance, everyone's benefit is served †¢ Moral rights approach= moral choices are those that best keep up the major privileges of individuals influenced by them Justice approach: distributive= distinctive treatment of people not be founded on self-assertive trademark/procedural= rules ought to be obviously expressed and reliably and fairly fortifies compensatory = people ought to be made up for the expense of their wounds by the gathering capable, and people ought not be considered answerable for issues over which they have no controls Virtue morals approach= moral conduct originates from individual temperances. In the event that administrator grows great character attributes and figures out how to beat adverse qualities, the person will settle on moral choices dependent on close to home excellencies. Pragmatic approach= avoids banters about what is correct, acceptable, or just, and puts together choices with respect to winning guidelines of the calling and the bigger society, considering the interests everything being equal. Phase of good turn of events: preconvention= people are worried about outer prizes and disciplines and obey position to maintain a strategic distance from negative individual results ordinary individuals figure out how to fit in with the desires for good conduct as characterized by fam/associates/society, administration style is one that energizes relational connections and participation post traditional (principled) = people guided by inward arrangement of qualities dependent on all inclusive standards of equity and right and will even ignore decides or laws that damage these standards Stakeholder= any gathering inside or outside and association that has a stake in the associations execution. key stakeholders= investors, representatives, clients, and provide rs. †¢ Four standards of corporate social responsibility= financial obligation gt; legitimate duty - gt; moral obligation gt; optional duty. Moral structures( thics committee= gathering of officials selected to regulate organization morals, gives governing on sketchy moral issues boss morals officer= organization official that directs all the parts of morals a lawful consistence morals preparing †assist workers with managing moral inquiries and decipher values expressed in code of morals into ordinary conduct Daft Chapter 9 Managerial Decision Making Programed = one made because of a circumstance that has happened frequently enough to empower chiefs to create choice standards that can be applied later on nonprogramed decisions= one made in light of a circumstance that is remarkable , ineffectively characterized and to a great extent unstructured , has significant ramifications for the association. Dynamic under certainty= a circumstance wherein all the data the choice settle on needs is completely accessible risk= choice has obvious objectives and great data is accessible, yet the future results related with every option are liable to risk. ncertainty = supervisors know which objectives they need to accomplish yet data about other options and future occasions is inadequate ambiguity= condition In which the objectives to be accomplished or the issue to be understood is indistinct, choices are hard to characterize, and data about results is inaccessible †¢ Classical (regulating) model= otherwise known as sane way to deal with dynamic, in view of suspicion that chiefs should settle on coherent choices that are monetarily reasonable and in the organization’s best monetary interests. Model is regularizing. characterizes how a chief SHOULD settle on consistent choices and gives rules to arriving at a perfect result †¢ Administrative (elucidating) model= incorporates ideas of limited soundness and satificing and depicts how directors settle on choices in circumstance that are portrayed by vulnerability and equivocalness †¢ Political model= thinks about discussion, conversation, and alliance working inside the association Bounded rationality= individuals have the opportunity and subjective capacity to process just a constrained measure of data on which to base choices †¢ Satisfying= picking the primary elective that fulfills negligible choice standards, whether or worse arrangements are dared to exist. Choice styles: directive= individuals who lean toward straightforward, celar slice answers for issues , snappy choices, depend on existing standards and techniques analytical= eople who consider complex arrangements dependent on as much information as possible assemble, most ideal choice dependent on the data accessible conceptual= consider a wide measure of data anyway they are all the more socially orientated that those with logical style (ie: Obama) and behavioral= received by chiefs with profound worry for others as people, converse with individuals one on one and comprehend sentiments on issues. Worried about self-improvement of others and settle on choices that help other people accomplish their objectives. Dumb Chapter 19 Managerial Quality and Performance †¢ Organizational control-the efficient procedure through which supervisors direct hierarchical exercises to fulfill arranged objectives and guidelines of execution †¢ The decent scorecard= extensive administration control framework that offsets conventional budgetary measures with estimated of client care , inward business forms, and the associations limit with respect to learning and development. Four run of the mill parts of the decent scorecard= monetary, inward business procedures, learning and development, clients. †¢ Feedback control model= includes utilizing input to decide whethe execution fulfills built up guidelines. Incorporates setting up principles, measures execution, contrast execution with norms, and make revisions as fundamental. Cost budget,= diagrams the foresee and genuine costs for a duty community income budget= records anticipated and real incomes of the association money budget,= gauges receipts and uses of cash on an every day or week after week premise to guarantee that an association has adequate money to meet its commitments capital budget= gauges receipts and uses of cash on a day by day or week by week premise to guarantee that an association has adequate money to meet its commitments †¢ Balance sheet= shows firms monetary situation with espect to resources and liabilities at a particular point in time †¢ Income statement= sums up the organizations budgetary execution for a given time stretch †¢ Liquidity proportions (current proportion and speedy ratio)= measures firms capacity to meet its present obligation commitments current ratio= current resources/current liabilities â€

Harsh Punishment Backfires in Prison, Researcher Says

Cruel Punishment Backfires in Prison, Researcher Says Right now, the U.S. drives the world in the pace of detainment. The present numbers show that 612 individuals for every 100,000 occupants age 18 or more seasoned are imprisoned.â As indicated by some criminal equity specialists, the present jail framework puts an excessive amount of accentuation on cruel discipline and insufficient on recovery and it just doesn't work. The present framework just gives a rearing ground to progressively forceful and fierce conduct, as per Joel Dvoskin, PhD of the University of Arizona and creator of Applying Social Science to Reduce Violent Offending. Animosity Breeds Aggression Jail conditions are packed with forceful practices, and individuals gain from watching others acting forcefully to get what they need, Dvoskin said. It is his conviction that conduct alteration and social learning standards can work inside jail similarly as they do outside. Sureness versus Seriousness of Punishment In criminological research performed by Valerie Wright, Ph.D., Research Analyst at The Sentencing Project, it was resolved that conviction of discipline, as opposed to the seriousness of discipline is bound to dissuade criminal conduct. For instance, if a city declares that police will be protesting in the streets searching for alcoholic drivers during a vacation end of the week, it would almost certainly expand the quantity of individuals who choose not to chance driving drunk. Seriousness of discipline endeavors to startle potential crooks in light of the fact that the discipline that they could get does not merit the hazard. This is the bases behind why states have received the extreme arrangements, for example, Three Strikes.â The idea driving serious disciplines accept that the criminal is sufficiently sound to weigh out the results before carrying out the crime.â Nonetheless, as Wright brings up, since half of the hoodlums that are secured up U.S. jails were tanked or high on drugs at the hour of the offense, it is far-fetched that they had the psychological ability to coherently asses the results of their activities. Tragically, on account of a lack of police for each capita and jail packing, most wrongdoings don't bring about capture or criminal imprisonment. Obviously, upgrading the seriousness of discipline will have little effect on individuals who don't accept they will be caught for their activities. says Wright. Do Longer Sentences Improve Public Safety? Studies have demonstrated that more extended sentences bring about higher paces of recidivism. As indicated by Wright, aggregated information of 50 investigations returning the extent that 1958 on a sum of 336,052 wrongdoers with different criminal offenses and foundation demonstrated the accompanying: Guilty parties who found the middle value of 30 months in jail had a recidivism pace of 29 percent. Guilty parties who found the middle value of 12.9 months in jail had a recidivism pace of 26 percent. The Bureau of Justice Statistics did an examination following 404,638 detainees in 30 states after their discharge from jail in 2005. The scientists found that: Inside three years of discharge, around 66% (67.8 percent) of discharged detainees were rearrested.Within five years of discharge, around seventy five percent (76.6 percent) of discharged detainees were rearrested.Of those detainees who were rearrested, the greater part (56.7 percent) were captured before the finish of the principal year. The exploration group estimates that despite the fact that wrongdoer administrations and projects may directly affect desistance, people must conclude freely to change themselves into ex-guilty parties. Notwithstanding, the numbers do bolster Wrights contention that more extended sentences bring about higher paces of recidivism. Reaccessing the Economics of Current Crime Policies Both Wright and Dvoskin concur that the present cash spent on imprisonment has depleted important assets and has not been successful in making networks more secure. Wright focuses to an examination done in 2006 that looked at the expense of network medicate treatment programs versus the expense of detaining drug guilty parties. As per the investigation, a dollar spent on treatment in jail yields around six dollars of reserve funds, while a dollar spent in network based treatment yields almost $20 in costs investment funds. Wright appraises that a reserve funds $16.9 billion yearly could be spared by a 50 percent decrease in the quantity of imprisoned peaceful guilty parties. Dvoskin feels that the rising jail populace with the relating absence of increment in jail staff has decreased the capacity of jail frameworks to regulate work programs that permit detainees to construct skills.â This makes it hard to reappear into the regular citizen world and improves the probability of returning to jail, Dvoskin said. Accordingly, the need ought to be put on diminishing jail populaces, he stated: This should be possible by giving more consideration to those with the most noteworthy danger of brutal conduct as opposed to concentrating on lesser wrongdoings, for example, minor medication offenses. End By lessening the quantity of peaceful detainees, it would let loose the fundamental cash to put resources into identifying criminal conduct which would build the conviction of discipline and furthermore take into consideration progressively successful projects that could help in decreasing recidivism. Source: Workshop: Using Social Science to Prevent Violent Crime, Joel A. Dvoskin, PhD, University of Arizona College of Medicine Saturday, Aug. 8, Metro Toronto Convention Center. Prevention in Criminal Justice, Valerie Wright, Ph.D., The Sentencing Project.

When Everything Is Your Favorite Thing

When Everything Is Your Favorite Thing When you get rid of most of your stuff, your life invariably changes: without all the things in your way, you have the opportunity to focus on the most important aspects of your life. But there was also an unexpected benefit from my newly uncluttered life: now I truly enjoy everything I own. Before I embraced minimalism, I had a lot of stuff: A three bedroom house teeming with stuff. A basement and a two-car garage filled with boxes overflowing with stuff. Spare bedrooms and closets and cabinets jam-packed with stuff. Every nook, every crannyâ€"more stuff. It was hard to keep track of it, and all that stuff added very little value to my life. It often just made me feel anxious, overwhelmed, and depressed. I was unhappy with the way I felt, so I started questioning everything I owned. Today I don’t own much, but the things I do own add immense value to my life. When I got rid of my extraneous material possessions, what remained were the things I use every day. Now nearly everything I own is my favorite thing. All my clothes are my favorite clothes. All my furniture is my favorite furniture. All my possessions are my favorite possessionsâ€"all of which I enjoy every day of my life. How about you? What if you enjoyed everything you owned? How would it make you feel if you were surrounded by your favorite things every day? Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 1219 Words

Sometimes the circumstances in an individual’s life causes them to do the unexpected and the shocking. These events can affect how that person acts in society and everywhere they go. Most of the time, writers tend to write from their personal experiences, their childhood, and any other period of their life that caused a dramatic change and left a strong mark or memory. The author’s personal stories allows them to create new stories but express the same feelings within other characters. So, the psychological material will be presented indirectly through â€Å"symbolism, condensation, and displacement.† Literary works written in a psychological perspective are based on the author’s childhood traumas and family life. The Freudian approach in the psychological perspective usually highlights the influences of a character’s id, superego, and ego. Hence, Edgar Allan Poe’s,â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado† is based on a psychological perspective . Montresor senses bitterness towards Fortunato because Fortunato had insulted Montresor. Likewise, Poe’s foster father doubted and in a way insulted Poe’s writing abilities which caused Poe to seek revenge. Moving on, Poe seeked revenge by continuing to write and publish literary works which was against his foster father’s will. Therefore, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† portrays the psychological perspective since the reader is able to understand and relate the author’s work to the author’s childhood trauma and family life. To begin with, the attitudesShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Children s Play Of Children - 1320 Words

Children’s play belongs to children. Article 31 from (United Nation-1986) describes that every child has right to make free choice to play and Activities that could be physical, imaginary, social, creativity are lead by a child, an adult can assist a child but cannot force. Every child engages in play and other cultural, entertaining and art activities take part in age appropriate. In early childhood, program should be designed by educator on individual child’s interest and needs where every child makes own decisions to play such as a girl can play in construction area or boy can play with dolls. Children learn through play and transfer their knowledge one to anther (EYLF). CRC has four principal to support child’s right to play which are- non discrimination, survival and development, the best interests of the child, and participation. Values of play are listed below:- Brain develops in its infancy through play and shapes the structure of the brain. Children take part actively to explore their surroundings that support them in building and strengthening brain pathways through secure attachment and encouragement. Play develops brain for flexibility and improvement potential for learning later in life (Lester Russell, 2008, p. 9). Quality play experiences help children to well develop their memory skills, language skills, regulate behavior, academic learning (Bodrova Leong, 2005). Put mirror in the baby’s room at their level babies begin to an increase their sense ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Symbolic Play On Children s Cognitive Development Of Children754 Words   |  4 PagesThe social element of symbolic play is a vital aspect to be taken into account in the cognitive development of children. Vygotsky (1978) theorised that children learn and practice social skills with their parents, and they develop this learning through social interactions. Piaget also emphasised the significance of social interaction so the child can progress outside of their egocentrism that is linked to the pre operational stage. (London, 2001) Similansky 1968 also supported Piaget theory, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Indoor Play On Children s Outdoor Play1150 Words   |  5 Pagesoutdoor play [reference? This is a blanket statement that needs to changed or referenced. You need evidence]. Some [factors] that affect outdoor play include risks [such as?], parental concerns about outdoor play and not having adequate play space available for children. Risk is equal to a combination of events/consequences and associated uncertainties (Aven, 2007). Risk in play refers to any possibility of physical injury during play. Early childhood settings usually use the term â€Å"risky play† whichRead MoreOutdoor Environments And Risks Of Children s Outdoor Play1137 Words   |  5 Pagesoutdoor play. Some of the con straints that affect outdoor play are risks, parents concerns about outdoor play and not enough play space available for children. Risk is equal to a combination of events/consequences and associated uncertainties (Aven, 2007). Risk in play refers to any possibility of physical injury during play. Early childhood settings usually use the term â€Å"risky play† which can be defined as a thrilling and exciting activity that involves a risk of physical injury and play that providesRead MoreImportance Of Block Play Areas On Children s Learning1871 Words   |  8 PagesBlock play areas are important to children’s learning in different ways, because it gives children the opportunity to develop in their developmental domains, such as social, physical, intellectual, creativity, and emotional. When children are playing in the block play area they are able to be mighty learners that are strong, capable, and resourceful. As they are being mighty learners they will display dispos itions to learn and holistic play-based goals within their block play. In block play areasRead MoreVideo Sequence : Exploring The Forest Kindergarten And Children s Play803 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Sequence: Exploring the Forest Kindergarten and Children’s Play Rationale Early childhood education is pivotal for children development (Berk, 2013). In order to meet the students need, early childhood centers offer alternative education environment. Some of early childhood centers fully adapt technology and offer all the benefits of technology, others provide nature-based approach to students in their backyard or like forest kindergartens they offer schooling inside of a forest. The forestRead MoreBenefits Of Outdoor Play On Children s Health, Learning And Development1964 Words   |  8 Pagesbenefits of outdoor play on children’s health, learning and development. Children need to have that outside play time to explore the environment, develop co-ordination, gain self-confidence, strengthen their muscles and challenge themselves and their bodies with different outdoor activities and equipment. Playing outside is a form of exercise even if they don’t see it that way. It encourages them to be active so in the long term they remain healthy. Outdoor play gives children the chance to burn offRead MoreWhat Roles Do Nature And Nurture Play On Children s Language Development?1054 Words   |  5 PagesWhat roles do nature and nurture play in children’s language development? From a baby s first word to their first complete sentence, there s a lot to debate with their language development. The average child has a vocabulary of up to six-thousand words by the time they turn five years old (Brighthubcom, 2016). Language development is one of the most critical roles for an educator in both early childhood and primary settings. It is this ability of language development that is particularly interestingRead MoreHow Does Not Play A Good Role On Children s Physical Development?925 Words   |  4 Pages(Mahshid, Noori, and Merchant 3). Another major obstacle to a healthier lifestyle is physical inactivity of children today. Some research reports show that many parents would rather have their children inside the house watching television or playing video games instead of being outside. While parents are completing their chores, the little ones are under their supervision. However, it does not play a good role in children’s physical development. The authors suggested another trend where overweight parentsRead MoreHow An Empowering Environment Helps Promote All Children s Play And Learning1679 Words   |  7 Pageshelps to promote all children’s play and learning. It is important that every setting creates an enabling environment in the indoor classroom and the outside area for the children to learn and play in. â€Å"The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending children’s development and learning.† An enabling environment provides babies, children and young people with the freedom to play. This is because the children feel comfortable and relaxed. When babies, children and young people feel comfortableRead MoreThe Importance Of Play For Early Childhood Education Programs1699 Words   |  7 PagesGDTCS 101 PLAY AND PEDAGOGY GDTCS 101 PLAY AND PEDAGOGY GDTCS 101 PLAY AND PEDAGOGY Assessment 2 Respond to scenarios that examine?the relevance of the main discourses of play for early childhood education programs This essay introduces the definition of play, its importance in early years. It also makes us understand the different contributions made by theorists in enhancing our understanding the value of play. It also examines the implications of play on children and early childhood services

Death of a Salesman Essay Outline Free Essays

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller (1915-2005) Explore the ways in which Miller constructs the identity of Willy Loman and what is suggested by his interactions with his work and his wife in this extract. Thesis Statement:In the passage, Miller criticises society for being stifling and breaking down youths once full of passion into meek workers resigned to their fate. To convey this, Miller uses Loman, an exaggerated version of what the population is going through. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman Essay Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are battered from exhaustion, too accommodating as they are afraid of change and also mentally crushed. Topic Sentence 1Miller constructs the identity of Willy Loman as one that largely comprises of him being â€Å"the Salesman†. The entire dialogue in the passage was dedicated to work, although they were placed in a homely setting, showing that it is hard to separate the private self with the public working self. Evidence from passage: The identity â€Å"the Salesman† is one that identifies Loman the most accurately. The title, â€Å"death of a salesman†, also shows that the identity of being a salesman triumphs over all his other identities and even his name. He is also depicted to be living a very rigid, robot-like life. Evidence from passage: Each action is stated clearly in a mechanical manner. â€Å"He closes the door† â€Å"then carries his cases out into the living room† or â€Å"unlocks the door† â€Å"comes into the kitchen† â€Å"thankfully lets his burden down† â€Å"feeling the soreness of his palm† Topic Sentence 2Loman is also seen to be, after 60 years of his life in this stifling capitalism system, resigned to his fate. He is beaten down and is dubious of new prospects as he is much too comfortable and familiar to his current life. Evidence from passage:â€Å"You’re too accommodating, dear. â€Å"I couldn’t make it† â€Å"his massive dreams and little cruelties, served her only as sharp reminders of the turbulent longings within him, longings which she shares but lacks the temperament to utter and follow to their end. This inability to change his life in real life seems to manifest into wild imaginations, where he lives ou t his dreams. Evidence from passage: â€Å"But it’s so beautiful up there† Speaks of his dream-like imagination with wonder, although it was a dangerous situation. Topic Sentence 3Much like his name, â€Å"Willy†, Loman is seen to be much of a willy-nilly and seems disordered and haphazard. Miller constructs this through the use of the Loman’s erratic dialogue with his wife. The constant repetition of phrases and restating his points Evidence from passage: â€Å"I couldn’t make it. I just couldn’t make it, Linda†, â€Å"I stopped for a cup of coffee. Maybe it was the coffee. † Conclusion:Loman criticises society for breaking down a man, stripping him of his individual identity as a person and giving him the identity of a worker. This life manages to drive Willy to slight insanity, and self-doubt so serious that he is unable to provoke any change in his life. How to cite Death of a Salesman Essay Outline, Essay examples

Dopest legality free essay sample

3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. We will write a custom essay sample on Dopest legality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century. 3. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. Between 1871 and 1914, Britain had planned to create a huge British empire, Belgium felt that it needed to use brutal force, and France had 4. How and in what ways did the writings of Karl Marx draw on the Enlightenment concepts of progress, natural law and reason? 5. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? 6. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism, nationalism and anti-Semitism in the 19th century. 7. Analyze the differences between the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1450–1750 and the motives that shaped European colonial expansion in the period 1850–1914. 8. Analyze the differences between the impact of Newtonian physics on European culture and the impact of Darwinian biology on European culture. 9. Analyze how industrialization and imperialism contributed to the development of consumer culture in the period 1850–1914. 10. Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900. 11. Analyze artistic and literary responses to industrialization over the course of the nineteenth century.

Atajan Atabayev. Essays - Emotions, Anti-corporate Activism

Atajan Atabayev. Jessica Brown. English 1 A. 13 February 2017. Buy Yourself Less Stuff Summary. All Humans enjoy spending money and desire to purchase new stuff such as a car, home, phone which they think will fulfill their expectation and add their life a bit happiness. However, people have a problem to invest money for the things which will improve their quality of life and make their happiness long lasting. To prove that fact nearly forty years ago, Richard Einstein which is the economist at the University of Southern California, examined people's carnal desire and how can it affect their life after having things they expected to have in their life. After gathering opinions, Easterlin discovered the cause of the unhappiness and It was a desire to have more things from life people can acquire which make them blind and turn their life never ending loop. In the article, Dunleavy brings to types of consumption. First is conspicuous consumption which drives as to buy more useless stuff and another is Inconspicuous consumption which is buying less stuff and using your money to improve the quality of your life and enjoy your life. First, Author talks about conspicuous consumption which is the result of our unhappiness. People in this attitude wants more materialistic stuff than nonmaterialistic stuff. Hence, humans adapt all the worldly things around them so fast and after sometimes they want even more mundane stuff, new stuff and better stuff. It doesn't matter how much you earn after sometimes you started to think would like more than you are currently making at your job. As Author believe monetary cycle never ends and distract you from genuine happiness, because We can be happy without nothing, but our brain wants all the best things made in the World to compete with other people instead they don't want to have all that things. However, people want to show other people how much money they do have and how many things they can purchase On the other hand, Inconspicuous humans enjoy simple things around them which makes them happy and we don't have to spend more money instead simple things give us joy and make us connected to each other. Dunleavy explains we have to pay money for the experience, not for the stuff. For example, instead of living big house, it is better to live in the small house and use bunch amount of money to go travel or spend your time with your friends. If we spend less money, it means we have more free time than our wealthy neighbor whose working 80 hours afford expensive Tesla. Instead, we can spend such a time with our family and enjoy a. We can also learn different skills such as cooking, playing piano instead of sitting in the front of the computer to make extra 40 $ an hour to buy new watch end of the day. At the end of the day, experiences make us happy. Money is also a great tool if we know how to spend it right. We have to pay it to realize our dreams, to learn new skills, enjoy new countries with our loved ones instead of buying new stuff which can't give us long lasting happiness.

Earnest Hemingway Essays - Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Free Essays

Earnest Hemingway Essays - Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Free Essays Earnest Hemingway In A Clean Well-Lighted Place, Earnest Hemingway focuses on the pain of old age suffered by a man that we meet in a caf late one night. Through the use of dialogue, Hemingway creates three characters that symbolize the stages of life: birth, living, and death. Additionally, the tone of the story is created in three ways. First, he contrasts light and dark to show the difference between the difference between this man and the young people around him. Secondly, he uses the old mans deafness as an image of his separation from the rest of the world. Lastly, Hemingway uses the image of nada or nothing. Hemingways tone and choice of language leaves the reader feeling that they too cannot escape from the doldrums of the dead years of their own life. Through the language of dialogue, three characters emerge creating a symbolic illustration of the progression of life. The young waiter states, I have confidence, I am all confidence(258). He displays his eagerness to conquer the world. When we are young, we live for today, for ourselves, without regard for what the future may hold. Tomorrow is a dream; tomorrow is something left to the old. However, in all his confidence he lacks patience and understanding, which can only come with the experience of life. Because of this lack of experience, he is not capable of compassion for the old man You have youth confidence and a job the older waiter replies (258). The older waiter symbolizes the living stage of life. He is filled with despair, but not yet completely devoid of hope. He is uncertain of what the rest of his life may bring, but a modicum of hope still exists. The old waiter has the omniscient view of the three progressions of life. He has lived beyond his birth stage, is teetering in the living stage, and through the unfolding life of the old man, is painfully aware of the future. Is it fear of growing old, the loneliness, or despair, which delivers the old waiter into his dark, unclean world of nothing? His mockery of the Our Father is the cumulative answer to the question. He has lost his own meaning of life. When hope has waned, despair overwhelms and we see the transition from the living to the time of dying. The old man has journeyed through all the progressions of life. The old mans death wish is further played out through the metaphor of insomnia, an ailment that he apparently shares with the older waiter. Along with the development of three characters, Hemingway creates the overall tone of the story by first contrasting between light and dark. The most obvious image is the caf, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. It is a refuge from the darkness of the night outside. Darkness is a symbol of fear and loneliness. The light symbolizes comfort and the company of others. There is hopelessness in the dark, while the light calms the nerves. Unfortunately for the old man, the light is an artificial one, and its peace is both temporary and incomplete. the tables were empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind(256). Possibly, the old man hides in the shadows of the leaves because he recognizes the shortcomings of his refuge. Perhaps he is drawn to the shadows so that the darkness of his own age will not be so visible. Unlike the young waiter who is not frighten by the darkness because of his companion that waits for him in the dark, the o ld man has lost his wife. Even his ears bring him a sort of darkness as they hold out the sounds of the world. The old mans deafness is also a powerful image that contributes to the tone of the story. the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he could feel the difference(256). Deafness ostracizes the old man form the rest of the world. In the day, everything must be a reminder to him of his disconnection from the world. In the caf so late at night he is

American Gothic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Gothic - Essay Example American Gothic is a highly expressive painting which captures the spirit of an age. Depicting a Midwestern farmer and his daughter, the dour expressions of the faces of both father and daughter, their highly modest clothing and the conservatism which they exude, communicate the hardship of the times. Whether from the modesty of their clothing, the utter dourness of their expression or the plainness of the house in the background, the picture tells the story of an age. It is an age where people lived by their own labor and had to work long hours, leaving hardly any room for pleasurable pursuits, just to survive and make ends meet. Certainly, the picture does not tell a tale of poverty but it tells one of a life of work with no pleasure in order to satisfy the basic requirements of livelihood, decent clothing and shelter. The painting further provides readers with an understanding of male-female relations and roles during the age in question. In this picture, the farmer is pictured holding a large pitchfork and dominates the painting. His daughter is standing just behind him and while he is looking straight ahead, gazing at onlookers, her eyes are averted. The pitchfork is a symbol of the manual labor for which men were responsible and the fact that the daughter is standing behind the father is indicative of the subservient status of females. Added to that, the fact that the man is looking straight ahead and the daughter’s eyes are averted could be interpreted as evidencing the public role of men versus the private role of females. It is, thus, that the male figure is boldly looking at the painter and, hence, directly at us while the female figure is not.

Speaking Our Minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Speaking Our Minds - Essay Example Language and speech have been applied to convince parties to lean towards the presentation of establishing mutual agreement. The communication process has held the needed measures to offer a satisfaction in delivering substantial results in achieving a given target. The ability of expressing these desires has been noted to present the needed incentives to complete the norm of expression that determines the qualifications of individuals. The expression entity has been included in the relation to complete the norm of placing the desires before the though presented. The capability of individuals is varied and the challenge presented has been directed to the completion of the set tasks. However, various individuals hold different values that define their personality to the external society. The ability of an individual to claim their rights within the society has been noticed to hold the requirements in establishing confidence (Sanchez, 2009). Speech and the language involved in a conver sation or monologue accords the needed information to define the needed attributes to develop. The ability of an individual to speak their minds can be regarded as a higher confidence form achieved, and without the provision, the message holder may face societal challenges. In any organization, the members are presented with the opportunity of equal participation. Before being included in the organization of these groups, the issued provision is placed on the principles to be followed. However, some rules made to govern these institutions may be challenging towards attaining progress. The importance is accorded the desire for the available members within the groups to suggest solutions (Russomanno, 2010). In speaking their minds, individuals are accorded the platform to suggest reforms. The entity breeds confidence to confront an external power that may be the authority of the setting. The leaders within the organizations articulate the measures to include positive reforms through t he open opinion venues. Airing the opinions publicly, or in the set platform has been noticed to include the measures applied to yield a positive outcome. The speech may be for or against the set rules within the organization. A platform that allows individuals to express their minds is regarded as the avenue that has achieved liberalism. The aspect of speaking one’s mind ascertains the existence of a free society. When individuals speak their mind, a form of respect and higher accordance is realized. This is noticed in an oppressive societal setting where the power dictates the behavioral trend. The confidence generated from free speech expression would be directed towards achieving freedom. In a company that offers constrained salary scale, the leaders within the groups are charged with the responsibility of advocating for changes (Miniature Book Collection, 1998). Sometimes, the entity is applied to present a collective thought in opinions. The minds under consideration ma y be of a group depicted in their leaders. The listening and leadership skills are built when an individual is capable of presenting the arguments to a higher power. The provision to deliver a comfortable working environment is placed in the communication between employers and employees. The norm may also be applied in seeking for an increment in the salary. A free societal setting allows for the freedom of expression. In a society without the allowance for members to speak their minds, the challenge is presented in the

Use of ICT in Primary School Classrooms

Use of ICT in Primary School Classrooms Introduction: This chapter outlines the foundation for the researchers topic area. This will be a summary of multiple pieces of literature the author has analysed to answer the question set out. The chosen area is the use of ICT-Information Communication Technology in infant classes in primary schools. This section will begin by looking at what is Information Communication Technology (ICT). The author will give a brief explanation into what ICT is. Following defining ICT the author will examine the ICT software used at infant classes in primary level. She will then investigate the benefits of using ICT at infant level in the primary school. From investigating the benefits the author will explore the limitations of using ICT at infant level in the primary school. Finally, she will research how infant childrens learning and development is supported by the use of ICT in the classroom. What is Information Communication Technology (ICT) Information Communication Technology (ICT) is defined by Barnardos (2006, P2) as The term ICT (information and communications technology) is used to describe a range of technological media. It is defined not just as computers but programmable toys, telephones, talking books, cameras, printers, scanners and much more. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become increasingly used in many lives. Recently the use of ICT has influenced significant changes in our culture, as a result technology has become very much used today. As the world of technology develops, children in our schools today will live in a world where ICT will be encouraged in their daily lives. ICT is described by Crawford (2013, P1) as a powerful tool as it significantly extends peoples abilities, as a learning tool, it is particularly effective. The term ICT covers a range of tools and equipment. Aistear (2009) refers to ICT as equipment that communicates and influence information. This includes mobile phones, computers, scanners and digital cameras. ICT includes hardware and software devices and programmes. ICT in education has the ability to increase the elements of people’s lives by enhancing teaching and learning. (NCCA, 2004) The word Communication was added to Information and Technology (IT) in the late 1990s as we now use various devices such as mobiles to send messages and to gain information it is unfair to limit ICT to computing or technology. ICT covers equipment everywhere at home and in the setting such as remote controls used for the television, game machines, computers, supermarket bar-code readers, washing machines, timers, heating controls, cameras, alarm systems, phones and electric displays. (Cockburn and Handscomb, 2006) Teachers should concur that young children need to be knowledgeable and familiar with basic technology as it is part of living in the 21st century. (French, 2008) ICT Software Used in Infant Classes at Primary Level There is a range of educational ICT software being used in primary schools today. This software is being developed daily, to enhance childrens learning and development. The NCCA (2004) recognises that different software products may be more appropriate for children in different classrooms. The use of ICT software can improve and support the teaching and learning development across curricular areas, whether used in a specific lesson or for a short or long period of time. (NCCA, 2004) A wide variety of software appropriate for different ages and stages, interests and level of ability will be needed in the curriculum. French (2008) talks about how great care must be taken when choosing particular ICT software for children. The software must mirror the childrens interests and should be stage appropriate. The suitability of the software will rely on the learning objectives and the age range and level of ability of the children. The effectiveness of any software program is established by the quality of the software and by how it is used. (NCCA, 2004) Using paint programmes allows children to experiment with colour, animations, experiment with the mouse and it is a way to introduce children to the basic icons and buttons on the computer. Hayes and Whitebread (2006, P25) states Introducing a paint program enables children to understand that the computer is not just a tool for accessing information, but that it is also a tool for creativity. Teachers are familiar with reading stories out loud to children but a lot of stories come in CD or app form now. There are different case studies, motivating activities and games that come in CD or app form. The tasks are well designed in that the children must understand them to complete them, and they do not provide themselves exclusively to trial and error answers. (Hayes and Whitebread, 2006) Interactive whiteboards are a new and common form of ICT software used in primary schools today. Elston (2007, p9) describes interactive whiteboards as an erasable writing surface that interacts with a computer to capture writing electronically and enable interaction with a projected computer image. The interactive whiteboard works wither by touching the board or using a special pen. The interactive whiteboard comes with software that allows it to be used as a copy board. Children and teachers can draw or write on the whiteboard using their fingers or the pen and they can save their drawings to the computer. The interactive whiteboard comes with built in software called OCR which means the computer will identify the childrens handwriting on the whiteboard and turn it into computer text. (Elston, 2007) The OECD (2002) conducted intensive case studies which examined the use of ICT in twenty one different schools. They found the most popular forms of ICT was word processor, but spreadsheets, graphing and drawing programmes, search engines, and presentation programs such as Powerpoint were also high. Many schools used the internet as a source of teaching or research. In these case studies, ICT was often based on a practice system. (OECD, (2002) Morgan and Blatchford (2009) states there is software developed for the use of young children to allow them to make and create images, add sound effects in media products and add sounds and listen to stories. The NCTE (2013) recommends that each classroom should be appointed with a teaching computer, a short throw digital projector, a wireless keyboard, a mouse and five classroom computers or laptops. A visualiser should also be in place in each classroom. Primary schools should be supplied with a multi-media workstation to assist with the integration of audio/visual projects. Primary schools share some equipment such as cameras, wireless tablets, printers and scanners. Using a digital camera can the teacher can take pictures of the childrens learning and create a portfolio of them to show their parents, they can also be transferred to the computer for viewing, for a slide show, for printing or for film making. A wireless tablet can be used for teachers and children to draw, write, colour, listen to stories, do different kinds of subjects such as maths and music. (NCTE, 2013) Teachers should positively model how they use the software. Children should be balanced with lots of other activit ies to assist real life experiences. (Blatchford and Whitebread, 2003) The software used in infant classes must be suitable. Morgan and Blatchford (2009) agrees with French (2008) saying often the software can be unsuitable in terms that young children are especially vulnerable, in terms the content can be violent, frightening or highly emotional.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ (Hayes and Whitebread 2006) talks about for children to benefit from ICT children need to be thought about the differences between the different software programmes. The Benefits of Using ICT at Infant Level in the Primary School ICT has an effect on those who use them and their environment. These technologies can offer new opportunities to strengthen many aspects of childrens development. There is support and interest across the educator sector for the development and integration of ICT. As Epstein (2007) says computers can play an important role if they are used correctly. Children can sometimes work with objects on a screen more easily than with real objects. This however doesnt indicate that computers should replace real objects. A considerable amount of research shows that when ICT is used correctly it can enhance childrens learning and development, it can encourage exploratory play, collaboration, co-operation, discussion, creativity, problem solving, risk taking and thinking. (Barnardos, 2006) The ICT software can be used with different age groups and it can be used with children in a one to one context or it can be used with children in a group. The ICT software can be used to support a child or children in a specific area of learning. NCCA (2004) acknowledges there are potential benefits for using ICT in classrooms also. According to the NCCA (2004) children gain motivation, problem solving skills, higher achievement and improvements in elevated thinking. Childrens imagination and sense of wonder can be supported through the use of context free software. The use of ICT can provide immense opportunities for creative development in children. Children become more independent while developing their creative skills. (Potter 2000 cited in Meadows and Leaks, 2000) The children can enhance their creative skills through ICT in different areas of learning such as; Arts and crafts, music and dance, imaginative play and role play. (Barnardos, 2006) ICT can encourage childrens physical skills. By children using the keyboard, the mouse, the buttons, touching the interactive whiteboard or tablet and knobs on a piece of equipment such as a digital camera is an excellent way of developing finer motor skills. Occasionally children might find it easier to manipulate objects on a screen more easily than real objects. (French, 2008) Children encounter many different achievements and trips throughout the years. Digital cameras are a great way of recording their accomplishments and sharing them with each other and their families. (NCCA, 2004) Computer play can encourage communication, speech and expression. Children are inclined to narrate what they are doing as they draw pictures or move items and characters around the interactive board. Children interacting at computers retain high stages of communication and co-operation skills. Using computers in the primary school can help childrens literacy development. One of the more current research shows that ICT supports children with special educational needs. Research shows that ICT can help children with communication problems and ICT helps children with SEN to access the curriculum more easily by using communication aids, software and appropriate assistive technology. (NCCA, 2004) Software programmes create a virtual environment which encourage children to read the screens and ask their friends questions about the situations. (Barnards, 2006) The Department and Education and Science (2008) agrees with Barnardos stating that ICT improves literacy, reading and writing skills especially for children in junior infant classes. The use of stories and rhymes on CD, on the internet or on an app enriches the childrens experiences of the written word. It allows them to repeat the words over and over again, forming and learning patterns of language and looking at the pictures gives them great enjoyment as the characters come to life. Children develop writing skills from using ICT. Children in infant classes are getting used to holding a pencil the correct way and are tracing letters. Children can practice other ways of writing as they use keyboards and different ICT software. (Selwyn et al, 2010) ICT can develop childrens social skills. Children will be more enthusiastic to learn about sharing, turn taking, co-operating and collaborating when they are joining in a group activity. (Zahariev etal, 2009) French (2008) also acknowledges that ICT can help childrens social skills. French (2008) believes children can sometimes find it easier to work with a friends on a computer than work alone. ICT can develop their social skills by creating rules for co-operation, children talking about what they are doing and children helping each other Choosing appropriate ICT software can teach children about different cultures, languages and ethnic backgrounds. ICT offers children to learn outside the classroom. The teacher can use different methods of technology to teach the children about different ethnic backgrounds, diverse families, people with special needs and abilities. With access to the internet or electronic resources the teacher has access to different learning materials on any part icular topic at any time which benefits the children. (Zahariev et al, 2009) As technology is becoming the future, by the teachers informing the children about the different forms of ICT, what ICT means, ICT tools and software it is preparing them for the future. Schools and the work environment will be technology related and by the children learning about technology it is giving them the confidence and skills to use such technologies in their later life. Although there is mixed results for using ICT in schools with young children DES (2008) says one of the major benefits of ICT is it can introduce a visual and interactive aspect into learning. ICT can help promote active learning by allowing the child to find, use and receive information. Research in UK found that ICT helps teachers facilitate the types of learners in the primary school curriculum. This research shows that teachers who use ICT in the classroom have described that ICT is more suited to support collaborative learning and active learning. (NCCA, 2004) Children can use ICT at different levels depending on their age and stage of development. In infant classes children will use the software to develop and expand their language and in senior classes they can use the software to broaden their language. (Eleven et al, 2012) ICT has an important part to play in developing children’s mathematical concepts. It is extremely exciting and can help make learning fun and enjoyable ICT can support children as it provides challenges to develop concepts and skills installed in game-like situations. (NCCA, 2004) The internet can have many different resources, activities and sources for teachers to use to benefit children. If the internet is used appropriately it can support the development of children’s abilities to question, to analyse, to investigate and to think critically. (NCCA, 2004) The Limitations of Using ICT at Infant Level in the Primary School. As stated above technology has many different benefits but some people have a fear that technology is replacing real objects. From a survey done by Early Childhood Ireland in 2013 it found out most members were worried about: The amount of screen time children observed The impact ICT has on childrens reading abilities The relationship between technology and obesity The connection between technology and play ICT cannot be used if the broadband speed is not consistent and reliable. A teacher in a school in County Waterford tries to find many different ways of bringing ICT into the school curriculum but when it comes to the schools internet access she cannot apply those skills to teach her students and it regularly leads to children being disappointed. (Murray, 2014) Teachers are not able to use all the technology available for learning.

The Science and Myth behind Phrenology Essay -- Biology Essays

The Science and Myth behind Phrenology Phrenology is a phenomenon that attempts to relate one’s personality and mental capabilities with the form and structure of one’s skull. This â€Å"science† became popular in the nineteenth century as the Eugenics movement gained widespread approval. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the reference to Phrenology is apparent in the scene where Marlow visits the doctor. â€Å"Then with a certain eagerness [the doctor] asked me whether I would let him measure my head. Rather surprised†¦he produced a thing like calipers. ‘I [the doctor] always ask leave, in the interests of science, to measure the crania of those going out there [the African jungle].’†¦He gave me a searching glance, and made another note. ‘Ever any madness in your family?’ he asked, in a matter-of-fact tome. I felt very annoyed. ‘Is that question in the interests of science, too?’† (Conrad 13). As it can be inferred, Marlow patronizes the doctor by implying that Phrenology is not a scientific practice because it cannot be used to determine the psychologcal â€Å"fitness† of an individual. Regardless, the spectacle of this practice in the late 1900s most likely gave Conrad the impetus to construct this parodied scene, which depicts Phrenology as a baseless science; however, the practice is not wholly baseless. The founder of Phrenology, Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall, determined the existence of a relationship â€Å"between the morphology of the skull and the human character† (Peter 1). Franz asserted that the brain is responsible for a human’s mental capacities. He attempted to prove this assessment by making statements—found in his chief work, The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and ... ...d the movement to justify their White supremacist, Aryan revolution. â€Å"Fascist ideologies like Nazism have misused some elements of craniometry in the framework of their infamous racist doctrines† (Peter 3). As a result of this misuse of Phrenology, it lost much of the scientific respect it hand gained in Western Civilization to the emerging field of psycho-analysis, whose father, Sigmund Freud, believed that the objectivity of Phrenology was limited because of its lack of introspection. Regardless of Phrenology’s disgraced past, it can still be regarded as a well-founded science that has an objective groundwork for assessing the importance of â€Å"self-knowledge, self-achievement, education, and human relationships† (Peter 4) in human development. Works Cited Peter, Van den Bosche. Phrenology. http://134.184.33.110/phreno/intro21.html. 05 October 2002.

Hyundai: A Global Success Story

The automotive industry is among the largest and most global sectors in the world. Any shift in the automotive industry has consequences for firms around the globe. Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) is a rising star in the global automotive industry. South Korea's number one carmaker, HMC produces about a dozen models of cars and minivans, as well as trucks, buses, and other commercial vehicles (www.hyundai-motor.com). Popular exported models are the Accent, Elantra, and Sonata. The Korean firm has managed to internationalize successfully seemingly against all odds.The Car Industry on a Global ArenaWith many competitors battling for market share, car makers such as Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hyundai, General Motors, Ford, DaimlerChrysler, Renault, and Volkswagen operate on relatively thin margins. The automotive industry has been suffering from excess production capacity. Although there is a capacity to produce 80 million cars globally, total global demand runs at only about 60 million a year. Thus, car manufacturers typically employ only 75 percent of their production capacity.However the car industry is extremely capital intensive and, with so much competition, firms should use at least 80 percent of their production capacity in order to remain competitive. It is tough to stay afloat under such competitive conditions and the industry has seen numerous mergers and acquisitions in recent years. Consolidation has occurred between Ford and Land Rover, Jaguar and Volvo, and DaimlerBenz with Chrysler, to name a few.South Korea and the Auto IndustryAgainst this background, HMC has faced various mishaps. The South Korean economy endured a recession in the late 1990s as a result of the Asian Monetary Crisis. The economy comprises numerous family-owned conglomerates, or chaebol. The combined sales of the nation’s five major chaebols — Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo, LG, and SK – amounted to roughly 40 percent South Korea’s GDP and total exports. Over time, these giant firms expanded rapidly, borrowing from their own banks to finance often reckless expansion into unrelated industries. Financial blunders led the Korean government to  impose greater transparency and more stringent accounting controls.In the automotive industry, Kia Motors, Korea’s third largest maker went bankrupt and Daewoo was sold off to General Motors. While domestic demand in South Korea is some two million cars, total productive capacity had reached five million. Exporting was a necessity. HMC’s debt burden had reached five times its equity, and the firm was suffering massive losses. The future was very uncertain. HMC was using less than 40 percent of its total production capacity, with a debt of around $30 billion. In 1998, HMC took control of Kia, becoming the South Korea’s biggest car maker and holding three-quarters of its domestic car market as well as passing Japan’s Mitsubishi and Suzuki in world ranking.Early Internationalizati on EffortsChung Ju Yung was HMC’s founder. A workaholic from a peasant background, at age 85, Mr. Chung was determined to return HMC to profitability. All his life, whenever he set his mind on something, he would always found a way to achieve it. The Hyundai conglomerate was founded in 1947 in the construction industry, and over the next fifty Mr. Chung expanded his dynasty into car manufacturing, oil refining, electronics, banking, and insurance. HMC was founded in 1967. Mr. Chung passed on his ‘never-give-up’ values to his son, Chung Mong Koo, who took over as Chairman in 1998. The younger Mr. Chung was very detail oriented, and attached great importance to producing quality products. He is often quoted as saying: â€Å"Quality is crucial to our survival. We have to get it right, no matter the cost.†In the late 1970s, HMC had begun an aggressive effort to develop engineering capabilities and new designs. In 1983 HMC started its Canadian operation, the fi rm’s first foreign investment venture. But the operation proved unprofitable and was shut down after only four years. Despite this disastrous outcome, HMC management learned a great deal from the experience.Instead of FDI, HMC began exporting to the U.S. market with the Excel as an economical brand with a $4,995 price tag. The car was soon a big success with exports rising to 250,000 units per year. Unfortunately, various  problems emerged: the Excel was perceived as a low-quality car and the weak dealer network was not producing enough sales. Consumers were losing faith in Hyundai and the firm’s brand equity began to deteriorate. The U.S. is the largest car market in the world and management had to do something drastic to turn things around.Ultimately SuccessfulIn response to complaints about product quality, HMC introduced a â€Å"10 year warranty† program. The rationale was that, in order to erase any negative image, management had to go beyond the typical guarantee period and offer a very substantial warranty. The strategy was a major turning point for Hyundai, and the firm set about designing and building cars based on much higher quality standards. While still maintaining low prices, HMC was able, over time, to provide substantially extra value to consumers.Another major step was geographical diversification. Putting lessons from the failed Canadian investment into practice, HMC built a factory in Turkey in 1997, in India in 2000, (with second plant in 2007), and in China in 2002. The main advantage of these plants is the inexpensive, high quality labor available at these locations. The Turkish plant gave HMC a foothold in the Middle East, a market it wants to develop. Turkey’s proximity to Western Europe is also a major advantage. In 2006, HMC had more than ten production plants in locations such as Taiwan, Vietnam, Iran, Sudan, and Venezuela. HMC’s first U.S. plant opened in Alabama in May 2005, with an investment o f $1.1 billion and annual production of 300,000 cars.Automotive industry labor costs make up only 10 percent of total operational costs. In order to be able to gain a competitive edge, therefore, not only must HMC seek out cheap labor, it must also source from locations that can supply low-cost input good (such as engines, tires, car electronics, etc.). The cost-effectiveness of suppliers is a life and death matter in the global automotive industry. HMC is cooperating with DaimlerChrysler to develop new technologies and improved supply chain management. Projects include a new four-cylinder engine and a joint purchasing plan.By investing in Kia, HMC gained access to the firm’s competitive advantages in R&D and production. During its lifetime, Kia had managed to acquire a substantial base of highly knowledgeable workers, engineers, and design staff. Together, the two firms achieved synergies and economies of scale in R&D, engineering, purchasing, quality control, and marketing. HMC also invested in R&D centers in North America, Japan, and Europe.HMC TodayHyundai has been the world’s fastest growing major automaker since 1999. Sales in the U.S. increased by 360 percent from 1998 to 2004. HMC’s growth is coming from international markets. These days the firm generates about a third of its sales from North America and 10 percent from Europe. The firm’s profit margins are among the highest in the industry, worldwide. It has won numerous quality assurance prizes from reliable organizations such as Consumer Reports, J. D. Power and Associates, and the 2005 Total Quality Study. Chairman Chung was named one of most successful businessmen in the world by Business Week magazine.HMC invests heavily in various value-chain activities. It utilizes FDI to develop key operations around the world. Management chooses foreign locations based on the advantages they can bring to the firm’s global business. R&D is targeted to developing safer, more convenient automobiles of superior quality. HMC is developing environmentally-friendly technologies that emphasize fuel efficiency. HMC conducts market research to help with choosing designs, as well as interior and exterior styling of automobiles.HMC aims to become one of the top five global car manufacturers by 2010. Hyundai plans to have a 20 percent share of the Chinese market. To that end the automaker has signed a $1.24 billion joint venture with Guangzhou Motor Group, giving HMC access to the commercial-vehicle market in China. With 1.3 billion people increasingly anxious to buy passenger cars and trucks, China will be a major market for HMC. The firm benefits from its proximity to China and management’s understanding of the Chinese culture. Chung Ju Yung’s ‘can do’ spirit prevails throughout the entire HMC network.

Environment Friendly Schools How to Make Your School Green

Green schools are not only environmentally friendly but also generate cost savings in the form of reduced water and energy use. The standard for environmentally friendly schools is  Leadership in Energy and  Environmental  Design, a framework for building schools that meet certain benchmarks for sustainability, and a certification that more schools are seeking to achieve as they upgrade existing facilities and expand their campuses. Green Schools Alliance Many  schools are taking the pledge of the Green Schools Alliance to make their campuses more sustainable and to reduce their carbon footprints by 30 percent over five years. The goal is to achieve carbon neutrality. The GSA program involves 5 million students at more than 8,000 schools, districts, and organizations from 48  U.S. states and 91  countries. All this work by schools around the world has helped the Green Cup Challenge to yield a savings of more than 9.7 million kW hours. Anyone can join the Green Schools Alliance, but you dont need to be a part of a formal program to implement environment-friendly practices in your school. There are steps that parents and students can take separately from their school to reduce energy use and waste, and students and parents can also work with their schools to determine the schools energy use and how to reduce it over time. Steps Parents and Students Can Take Parents and students can also contribute to making their schools greener and take steps such as the following: Encourage parents and kids to use public transportation or to walk or bike to school.Use carpools to bring many students to school together.Reduce idling outside school; instead, turn off car and bus engines.Encourage the school to use buses with cleaner fuels, such as biodiesel or to start investing in hybrid buses.During community service days, have students replace existing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescents.Ask the school to use environmentally friendly cleaning fluids and nontoxic pesticides.Encourage the lunchroom to avoid using plastics.Spearhead the use of trayless eating. Students and teachers can carry their food instead of using trays, and the lunchroom staff wont have to wash trays, thereby reducing water use.Work with maintenance staff to put stickers on the paper towel and napkin dispensers reminding students and teachers to use paper products sparingly.Encourage the school to sign the Green Schools Initiative. How Schools Can Reduce Energy Usage In addition, students can work with the administration and maintenance staff at their schools to reduce the energy use. First, students can conduct an audit of their schools light and energy use and then monitor the schools energy use on a monthly basis. The Green Schools Alliance provides students with a step-by-step plan to create a task force and reduce carbon emissions over a suggested two-year timetable. Their helpful tool kit provides actions schools can take such as using daylight instead of overhead lighting, weatherizing windows and doors, and installing Energy Star appliances. Educating the Community Creating a greener school requires educating the community about the importance of reducing carbon emissions and living more environmentally sustainable lives. First, inform yourself about what other schools are doing to become greener. For example, Riverdale Country Day School in New York City has installed a synthetic playing field composed of cork and coconut fiber that saves millions of gallons of water per year. Other schools offer classes in living environmentally conscious lives, and their lunchrooms offer local produce that is shipped shorter distances, thereby reducing energy use. Students may be more motivated to make their school greener when they are aware of what similar schools are doing. Find a way to communicate regularly to your school about what you are doing to reduce energy use through newsletters or a page on your schools website. Get people involved in taking and meeting the goals of the Green Schools Alliance to reduce carbon emissions over five years.